Abrasive wheel and reinforcing mounting



Get. 14, 1941. I J, N. KUZMIYCK FLTAL 2,259,345

ABRASIVE WHEEL AND REINFORCING MOUNTING Fi led Sept. 9, 1940 JOSEPAYETQBZMICK BYPAUL L KUZ MICK ,l- ATTORNEYS Patented Oct. 14, 1941 UNITEDSTATESNPATENT oFFicE' snaasrvn wnnaaannaamroacme Joseph N. Kuzmlck andPaul L; Kaxmick, Clifton, N. 1., assignorsto Baybestoa-Manhattamlna,Pascale, N. 1., a corporation of New Jersey Application September 9,1940, Serial No. 355,992

8 Claim. (Cl. 51-206) This invention relates to abrasive or grindingwheels, and more particularly to abrasive wheels provided withreinforcingmountings. Y

The prime object of our present invention cen ters about the provisionof an improved commexu cially practical mounting for abrasive orgrinding wheels, which functions to substantially inhibit rupturing ofthe wheel in operation, and in the event of rupturing, to prevent wheelfragments from flying out radially under the action of centrifugal forceand injuring the operator. There has been a great demand in the art fora practical device for reinforcing the structure of anabrasive wheel atits mounting, and for reducing the hazards or risks resulting from thefracturing, breaking or rupturing of wheels particularlyduring highspeed operation. Numerous suggestions have been made to meet this demandand to solve the involved problems. The suggestions thus far proposed,however, have had certain limitationswhich have prevented their'generaladoption or even their use to any practical commercial extent.

These previously suggested reinforcing devices embody the incorporationbetween the abrasive wheel faces and the usual clamping plates (used toclamp the wheel to the power shaft) of reinforcing members which aredesigned to exert a more efiective grip on the abrasive wheel faces. Itwas quite common in the old art to use washers of a soft pliablematerial, such as lead, rubber or leather, as the reinforcing members;but these were found entirely unsatisfactory. In the more recent art, ithas been suggested to make these reinforcing members in the form ofmetal discs or plates, which are either clamped "or permanently securedto the wheel faces by some yielding bonding material, such as resilientrubber;

, and in an endeavor to make this form of reinwith this type ofreinforcing device is that the reinforcing discs or plates have to covera very extensive area of the wheel, thus considerably reducing theavailable usable, wheel volume. The requirement that the reinforcingplate had to extend over so large a part of the area of the wheel wasprobably due to the difliculty of securing the necessary adhesion to themetal discs or plates, because of the inadequate amount of bondingmedium used and the smoothness of the plate or disc surface; Inanattempt to solve this dimculty or limitation, it has been suggested 55reimeiit mounting elements are integrally united as material is suppliedin an amount adeq the grinding machine at various intervals andvrequires special tools to remove the scored annular portions. Also,since the workability of these suggested devices depends on thepredetermined thinness of rubber bonding medium employed between theabrasive wheel face and the reinforcing plates or discs, the manufactureof the device becomes too costly, since skill is required to apply thereinforcing members and since the thickness of the bonding mediumemployed must vary with the type of grade and grain of the wheel, ofwhich there is a very large variety. These are some of the reasons thatthese suggestions of more recent origin have not been adopted to anygreat extent.

In our present invention, we provide a primary reinforcing member in theform of a fine wire mesh screen (woven wire cloth), which is positinnedimmediately contiguous to the abrasive mounting face of the wheel sothat the abrasive wheel faceiand the contiguous screen member provide amultitude of engaging points and intermeshing areas, the said wirescreen member' 80, being then bonded to the abrasive wheel face by acementing bonding material which is forcibly embedded in the intersticesprovided by both the abrasive face of the wheel and the wire mesh of thescreen member. The cementing bonding uate to effect an integral unionbetween the wire \mesh screen member and the abrasive wheel face, and

to cover the body of the screen member itself, the thickness of thelayer of cementing material to being in fact determined by the thicknessof the screen member. In one of thepreferred forms of the invention, wealso provide a secondary reinforcing member in the form of a metal platemounted over the screen member and bonded thereto by the outer surfaceof. the layer of cementing medium, the cementing material being adequateinamount to wet and coat the entire surfaceo'f the said metal plateandunite the same over such entire surfaceto the wire mesh screen member.We have also found that this form of reinforcing devicemay beeffectively. combined with resilient elements for making a combinedreinforcing and resilient mounting; and, according to another form ofthe invention,

to the outer faces of the metallic plate secondary reinforcing members.

This reinforcing mounting for abrasive wheels in'all of themodifications of the present invention, is found to possess thefollowing important advantages:

1. The wire mesh screen or woven wire cloth forms a strong primaryreinforcing member.

2. The position of the wire mesh screen member immediately contiguous tothe abrasive mounting face of the wheel provides a multitude of engagingpoints and intermeshing areas, which, when combined with a suitablebond, provide an ideal means to resist fracturing of the wheel or radialmovement of a broken wheel fragment due to centrifugal stress.

3. The cementing bonding medium embedded in the interstices provided byboth the abrasive face of the wheel and the wire mesh of the screenmember and filling the spaces therebe tween, is effective in uniting thescreen member elements to the abrasive wheel face elements so.

strongly as to produce the ideal reinforcement.

4. The wire mesh screen member acts as a well for the cementing mediumand also as a metering device therefor, to control the thickness of thecementing layer, it being desired that this layer be thick enough tosupply sufficient cementing material to accomplish all the functionsnecessary, namely, the filling of the said interstices, the covering ofthe screen member, and the coating of the secondary metal platereinforcing member which is mounted on the screen member and unitedthereto. 5. This construction is unaffected by the grade or grain of theabrasive wheel and does not require individual modification fordifierent types of abrasive wheels.

6. Because of the perfect adhesion obtained between the primaryreinforcing member and the abrasive wheel face, the reinforcing devicemay be localized to the area of the usual clamping plates and flangesemployed therewith,

. whereby the usable volume of abrading material is notreduced. a v 7.The reinforcing device may be readily combined with resilient mountingelements.

With the practice of our invention, we have been unable to rupturecommercial abrasive wheels even when the same are ov'er-speeded up tothe limit of speed available on the usual testing equipment, the stressimposed on the wheels at such over-speeding points being 650% overnormal operating speed. In order to further prove the efficiency of thedevice of the invention, a standard abrasive wheel broken into fourquarters was reassembled and equipped vwith the reinforcing mounting ofthe invention.

This wheel was and is capable ofbeing operated at normal operatingspeed, without any of the fragments breaking loose. Even when a wheel ofthis character is overspeeded to 100% over operating speed (imposing astress of over 400% normal on the broken fragments), small fragmentsbegin to break loose, but only outside the sphere of the reinforcingmounting.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing obing mounting of the presentinvention applied thereto, parts being shown in section explanatory ofthe finished product and other parts being shown detached, explanatoryof the method of assembling and making the mounting; this Fig. 1 showsthe use of only the primary reinforcing member;

Fig. 2 is a similar view of a modification, this view showing theadditional use of the secondary reinforcing member; and

Fig. 3 is a view of a further modification similar to that of Fig. 2,but showing'additlonally the use therewith of resilient mountingelements.

Referring now more in detail to the drawin and having reference first toFig. 1 which shows the first mentioned modification of the invention,the abrasive wheel l0, only the central or mounting section of which isshown (the other parts being broken away as indicated), comprises awheel body composed of abrasive grains II, I! bonded together by anysuitablebonding medium l2, such, for example, as rubber or a syntheticresin. The said wheel is formed with the opposed abrasive wheel faces63, i3 (abrasive grains coated with the bond), which, be-

cause of the abrasive nature thereof, present a rough or broken facehaving numerous and irregular projecting points and interstices, as willbe evident from an inspection of the said Fig. l. The wheel It is formedwith the us a1 mounting hole M, which, in the modificaion shown in Fig.i, may be provided with a conventional type of lead bushing i5.

the desired reinforcement is efiectuated. The

screen 86 is, therefore, united to the wheel face II by a cementingmedium H which is forcibly embedded in the interstices provided by boththe abrasive face of the wheel and the wire mesh of the screen memberand which fills all the spaces therebetween. This cementing bondingmaterial also covers the body of the screen member and forms a bondlayer of a thickness commensurate, that is to say, in equal extent, withthat of the screen member, as is clearly shown in the assembled part ofFig. 1 of the drawing. The bonding material in this form of theinvention may be a synthetic resin or resinoid composition such as aphenol aide hyde product. 2

iects and results, and such other objects as may hereinafter appear, ourpresent invention com-.

prises the structural combinations hereinafter sought to be defined inthe claims and described more in detail hereinbelow m connection'withthe appended drawing, in which, a

Fig. 1 is a view of the mounted section of an abrasive wheel, with oneform of the reinforc- To produce this construction and this relation ofthe elements, the reinforcing mounting is made according to thefollowing method: A ply of a plastic cementing material such as l1,

which may be a synthetic resinoid composition in the potentiallyreactive state, is placed on the abrasive mounting face l3 of the wheel,and a screen member I8' is placed on said ply of plastic cementingmaterial. This assembly is then subjected to heat and pressure betweenthe platens of a hydraulic press. In this operation. the screen member16' is forced through the ply I 1' of cementing material and Into directengagement with the abrasive wheel face I3, the said cementing materialbeing forced into and becoming embedded in the interstices provided byboth the abrasive face of the wheel and the mesh of the screen member. g

It will be noted that the cementing material completely fills and coversthe body of the screen member IS, the screen acting as a Welland also asa metering device to determine the. thickness of the cementing mediumand to prevent the re duction in thickness thereof which would otherwisetake place under thepressure exerted by the platens of the hydraulicpress.

When, as in the form shown in Fig. 1, the screen member alone is reliedupon as the reinforcing means, the mesh screen may be somewhat thickerthan the case where the mesh screen is employed in combination with asecondary reinforcing means (Figs.2 and 3 of the drawing); and in theform shown in Fig. 1, this mesh screen may be approximately 132" inthickness. The layer of cementing medium II in this instance may also beapproximately in thickness. The ultimate thickness of the cementinglayer is, as stated, governed by the thickness of the mesh screen, anyexcess of cementing material being squeezed out by the applied pressurein the. assembling operation.

In the modification shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing, the primaryreinforcing member is associated with a secondary reinforcing member,the latter in the form of a metal plate or disc. The other parts of thismodification are otherwise the same as those of Fig. 1 of the drawin(with the differences to be noted), andareindicated by similar referencenumerals. The differences are that in the modification of Fig. 2 of thedrawing, the screen members I6 and I6 are substantially thinner and thewire thereof finer, and the cementing layers i1 and II'are substantiallythinner than those shown in the modification of Fig. 1 of the drawing.The

screen members and the cementing layers of Fig. 2 maybe, for example,approximately 5 1" thick. The secondary reinforcing members in the formof the plates or discs l8 and [8' are the screen members 16 and I6, andare united or bonded thereto by the cementing layers I1 and ll, theamount of cementing medium being adequate to uniformly and'completelycoat the inside faces of the metal plates or discs I8 and J8 so as toeffectively unite these to the screen members. In the form of theinvention shown in this Fig. 2, which is one of the preferredinbeing-integrally and strongly united with the primary reinforcingmembers.

In the modification of Fig. 3 of the drawing, we show the reinforcingdevice of Fig. 2 of the drawing combined with resilient mountingelements. The reinforcing device of Fig. 3 is the same (with thedifferences to be noted) as those of Fig. 2 of the drawing, and similarparts are indicated by similar reference characters. In this form of theinvention, the cementing layers I! and I1 consist preferably of plies ofsynthetic rubber such as Neoprene or Runs. in the rub bery butunpolymerized state. The thickness of each of the elements l6 to IE andHi to 18' in this form of the invention is also approximately 5%".Instead of the conventional type of lead bushing shown in Figs. 1 and 2of the drawing, we provide in the Fig. 3 modification a resilientbushing mounting of the type set forth in the patent to Paul L. Kuzmick,No. 2,187,350, granted January 16, 1940, this comprising a resilientmember (for each side or part of the wheel mounting) comprising abushing part 19 insert-, able in the mounting hole I! of the wheel, anintegral disc part 20 radiating from the bushing part, and a compressionbead 2| axially protrudpositioned immediately over the outer faces ofventive forms, the cementitious plies I! and H comprise vulcanizedrubber.

This form of the invention (Fig. 2) is assem bled by-the followingmethod: The ply or layer ll of unvulcanized rubber is placed on theabrasive mounting face of the wheel (on each side thereof), the metalscreen member I6 is placed on the said ply or layer of unvulcanizedrubber,

ing from the bushing part, the resilient member being preferably arubber unit.

In assembling and making this form of the invention, the followingmethod or procedure is employed, the assembling being carried out forboth sides of the wheel: 'The layer of synthetic rubber I1 is placed onthe abrasive mounting face of the wheel, the screen member I6 is thenplaced over the ply ll of synthetic rubber, the

metal plate or disc I8 is then placed over the screen member l6, and theupper or exposed sid of this metal plate I8 is then coated with any ing,except that the wheel and its mounting are now resiliently carried bythe. united resilient bushing elements.

The manner of making and using abrasive wheels and the reinforcingmountings therefor of our present invention and the many advantagesthereof, will, in the main, be fully apparent from the above-detaileddescription thereof. Because of the perfect adhesion obtained betweenthe primary reinforcing member and the abrasive wheel face, thereinforcing device may be localized as shown in each of Figs. 1 to 3 ofthe drawing, tothe area of the usual clamping plates whereby the usablevolume of abrading material may be utilized. This is a factor of greateconomical andcommercial importance. The improved reinforcing mountingis relatively simple in construction in any of its forms. It functionsto substantially inhibit rupturing or bursting of the wheel at highspeed operation, and even whenmenting medium and assure that an adequatesupply thereof is available for all of the uniting functions necessary,particularly when the secondary reinforcing members are combined with.'the primary reinforcing members.

A structure is produced which is unafiected by the grade or grain of theabrasive wheel, and which does not require individual modification fordifferent types of abrasive wheels, of which-there are a great variety.The reinforcing device of the invention is so designed that it may bereadily combined with resilient mounting elements so as to produce a'combined reinforcing and resilient mounting for the abrasive wheel;

It will be apparent that many changes may be made in the constructionand in the method of making the same, without departing from the spiritof the invention defined by the following claims.

We claim:

1. An abrasive wheel and reinforcing mounting comprising, an abrasivewheel body having an abrasive mounting face, a woven wire cloth memberpositioned immediately contiguous to and in engagement with the abrasivemounting face of the wheel, the said abrasive wheel face and thecontiguous woven wire cloth member providing a multitude 'of engagingpoints and intermeshing areas, and a cementing medium bonding the wovenwire .cloth member and the abrasive wheel .face, the cementing bondingmaterial being embedded in the interstices provided by both the abrasiveface of the wheel and the wire mesh of the woven wire cloth member andfilling the spaces therebetween, the cementing bonding material alsocovering the body of the Woven wire cloth member and forming a bondlayer of a thickness substantially equal to that of the woven wire clothmember.

2. An abrasive wheel and reinforcing mounting comprising, an abrasivewheel body having an abrasive mounting face, a woven wire cloth mem-.ber positioned immediately contiguous to and in engagement with theabrasive mounting face of the wheel and limited in size to the normalclamping area of the said wheel, the said abrasive wheel face and thecontiguous woven wire cloth member providing a multiude of engagingpoints and intermeshing areas, and a cementing medium bonding the wovenwire cloth member and the abrasive wheel face, the cementing bondingmaterial being embedded in the interstices provided by both the abrasiveface of the wheel and the wire mesh of the woven wire cloth member andfilling the spaces therebetween, the cementing bonding material alsocovering the body of the Woven wire cloth member and forming abond'layer of a thickness substantially equal to that of the wove wirecloth member.

3. An abrasive wheel and reinforcing mounting comprising, an abrasivewheel body having opposite abrasive mounting faces, a woven wire clothmember positioned immediately contiguous to and-in engagement with eachabrasive mounting face of the wheel, each said abrasive wheel face andcontiguous woven wire cloth member providing a multitude of engagingpoints and intermeshing areas, and a cementing medium bonding each wovenwire cloth member to the associated abrasive wheel face, the cementingbonding material being embedded inthe interstices provided by both, thesaid abrasive face of the wheel and the wire mesh of the woven wirecloth member and filling the spaces therebe- I tween, the cementingbonding material also covaesaaet v ering the body of each woven wirecloth member and forming a bond layer of a thickness substantially equalto that of the said woven wire cloth member.

4. An abrasive wheel and reinforcing mounting comprising, an abrasivewheel body having an abrasive mounting face, a wire mesh screen primaryreinforcing member positioned immediately contiguous to and inengagement with the abrasive mounting face of the wheel, the saidabrasive wheel face and the contiguous screen member providing amultiple of engaging points.

and intermeshing areas, ametal plate secondary reinforcing membermounted over said screen member, and a cementing medium bonding thescreen member to the abrasive wheel face and the metal plate member tothe screen member, the cementing bonding material being embedded in theinterstices provided by both the abrasive face of the wheel and the wiremesh of thescreen member and filling the spaces therebetween, the.

cementing material also covering the body of the screen member anduniting the metal plate member thereto, the cementing material forming abond layer of a thickness commensurate with that of the screen member.

5. An abrasive wheel having opposed abrasive mounting faces, and areinforcing mounting therefor limited in size to the normal wheelclamping area for each mounting face including the following: a wiremesh screen primary reinforcing member positioned immediately contiguousto and in engagement with the abrasive wheel face, the said abrasivewheel face and the contiguous screen member providing a multiple ofengaging point and intermeshing areas, a metal plate secondaryreinforcing member mounted over said screen member, and a cementingmedium bonding the screen member to the abrasive wheel face and themetal plate member to the screen member, the cementing bonding materialbeing embedded in the interstices provided by both the abrasive face ofthe wheel and the wire mesh of the screen member and filling the spacestherebetween, the cementing material also covering the body of thescreen member and uniting the metal plate member thereto, the cementingmaterial forming a bond layer of a thickness commensurate with, that ofthe screen member.

6. An abrasive wheel and reinforcing and resilient mounting comprising,an abrasive wheel body having an abrasive mounting face, a wire meshscreen primary reinforcing member positioned immediately contiguous tothe abrasive mounting face of the wheel, the said abrasive wheel faceand the contiguous screen member providing a multitude of engagingpoints and intermeshlng areas, a metal plate secondary reinforcingmember mounted cver said screen member, a cementing medium bonding thescreen member to the abrasive wheel face and the metal plate member tothe screen member, the cementing bonding material being embedded in theinterstices provided by both the abrasive face of thewheel and the wiremesh of the screen member and filling the spaces therebetween, thecementing material also covering the body of the screen member anduniting the metal plate member thereto, the cementing material forming abond layer of a thickness commensurate with that of the screen member,and a resilient member having a bushing part received by the mountinghole of the wheel and a disc part cemented to the outer face of saidmetal plate.

'7. An abrasive wheel and a reinforcing and resilient mounting thereforI comprising, an abrasive wheel body having an abrasive mounting face, awire mesh screen member positioned immediately contiguous to theabrasive mounting face of the wheel, a metal plate member mounted oversaid screen member, and a cementing medium bonding the screen member tothe abrasive wheel face and the metal plate member to the mountingtherefor comprising for each mounting face the following: a wire meshscreen member positioned immediately contiguous to the abrasivemountingface, a metal plate member mounted over said screen member, anda cementing medium bonding the screen member to the abrasive wheel faceand the metaI pIate member to the screen member, the cementing materialforming a bond layer of a thickness commensurate with that of the screenmember, and a resilient member having a bushing part received by themounting hole of the wheel and a disc part cemented to the outer face ofthe metal plate.

JOSEPH N. KUZMICK.

/ PAUL L. KUZMICK.

